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用ASP.NETwithC#绘制曲线图(Curve图)
风也红了的专栏  http://blog.csdn.net/aiwtu/archive/2006/12/11/1438  .NET  编辑:dezai  图片来源:网络
画曲线图,网上有很多代码可以参考,也有不少开放的组件可以用,但是我是本着自己能写就自己写的原则,毕竟自己写的代码所有过程清楚明白,放心!错了也得了

画曲线图,网上有很多代码可以参考,也有不少开放的组件可以用,但是我是本着自己能写就自己写的原则,毕竟自己写的代码所有过程清楚明白,放心!错了也得了一个教训,值得!

网上的例子多数画曲线图是用DrawLine()函数将各个点一点一点连接起来,所以大部分时候也叫折线图。但是.NET中还有一个DrawCurve()函数,它可以直接画出一条曲线或者折线,还可以设置张力(Tension)值,比用DrawLine()方便德多也好用得多!

好了,不废话,先看看最终生成的效果图:

曲线图可以缩放,随意定义X轴和Y轴代表的大小,还可以定义Y轴的起始值,张力值等等。全部元素颜色都可以自定义。

怎么样?还可以吧,呵呵,下边开始说明画图步骤:


首先,需要初始化图像,例如定义图像对象,填充背景,画出X轴和Y轴以及轴上的刻度等,先来看看我们Curve类的初始化函数InitializeGraph():


 

            //初始化和填充图像区域,画出边框,初始标题
            private void InitializeGraph()
            {
           
                //根据给定的高度和宽度创建一个位图图像
                objBitmap = new Bitmap(Width,Height);

                //从指定的 objBitmap 对象创建 objGraphics 对象 (即在objBitmap对象中画图)
                objGraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objBitmap);

                //根据给定颜色(LightGray)填充图像的矩形区域 (背景)
                objGraphics.DrawRectangle(new Pen(BorderColor,1),0,0,Width,Height);
                objGraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(BgColor),1,1,Width-2,Height-2);

                //画X轴,pen,x1,y1,x2,y2 注意图像的原始X轴和Y轴计算是以左上角为原点,向右和向下计算的
                objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor),1),100,Height - 100,Width - 75,Height - 100);

                //画Y轴,pen,x1,y1,x2,y2
                objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor),1),100,Height - 100,100,75);

                //初始化轴线说明文字
                SetAxisText(ref objGraphics);

                //初始化X轴上的刻度和文字
                SetXAxis(ref objGraphics);

                //初始化Y轴上的刻度和文字
                SetYAxis(ref objGraphics);

                //初始化标题
                CreateTitle(ref objGraphics);
            }
具体每个函数有什么作用代码注释已经很清楚了。现在我们继续来看SetAxisText()


 

            private void SetAxisText(ref Graphics objGraphics)
            {
                objGraphics.DrawString(XAxisText,new Font("宋体",10),new SolidBrush(AxisTextColor),Width/2 - 50,Height - 50);

                int X = 30;
                int Y = (Height/2) - 50;
                for(int i = 0;i < YAxisText.Length;i++)
                {
                    objGraphics.DrawString(YAxisText[i].ToString(),new Font("宋体",10),new SolidBrush(AxisTextColor),X,Y);
                    Y += 15;
                }
            }
SetAxisText()的作用是初始化轴线的说明文字,注意这不是刻度上的文字哦。呵呵,下边这两个才是初始化刻度和刻度上的文字,SetXAxis()和SetYAxis():


 

            private  void SetXAxis(ref Graphics objGraphics)
            {
                int x1 = 100;
                int y1 = Height - 110;
                int x2 = 100;
                int y2 = Height - 90;
                int iCount = 0;
                int iSliceCount = 1;
                float Scale = 0;
                int iWidth = (int)((Width-200)*(50/XSlice));

                objGraphics.DrawString(Keys[0].ToString(),new Font("宋体",10),new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor),85,Height - 90);

                for(int i = 0;i <= iWidth;i += 10)
                {
                    Scale = i * ( XSlice / 50 );

                    if(iCount == 5)
                    {
                        objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor)),x1+Scale,y1,x2+Scale,y2);
                        //The Point!这里显示X轴刻度
                        if(iSliceCount <= Keys.Length-1)
                        {
                            objGraphics.DrawString(Keys[iSliceCount].ToString(),new Font("宋体",10),new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor),x1 + Scale - 15,y2);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            //超过范围,不画任何刻度文字
                        }
                        iCount = 0;
                        iSliceCount++;
                        if(x1+Scale > Width - 100)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(SliceColor)),x1+Scale,y1+5,x2+Scale,y2-5);
                    }
                    iCount++;
                }
            }

            private void SetYAxis(ref Graphics objGraphics)
            {
                int x1 = 95;
                int y1 = (int)(Height - 100 - 10*(YSlice/50));
                int x2 = 105;
                int y2 = (int)(Height - 100 - 10*(YSlice/50));
                int iCount = 1;
                float Scale = 0;
                int iSliceCount = 1;

                int iHeight = (int)((Height-200)*(50/YSlice));

                objGraphics.DrawString(YSliceBegin.ToString(),new Font("宋体",10),new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor),60,Height - 110);

                for(int i = 0;i < iHeight;i+=10)
                {
                    Scale = i * ( YSlice / 50 );

                    if(iCount == 5)
                    {
                        objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor)),x1 - 5, y1 - Scale,x2 + 5,y2 - Scale);
                        //The Point!这里显示Y轴刻度
                        objGraphics.DrawString(Convert.ToString(YSliceValue * iSliceCount+YSliceBegin),new Font("宋体",10),new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor),60,y1 - Scale );

                        iCount = 0;
                        iSliceCount++;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(SliceColor)),x1,y1 - Scale,x2,y2 - Scale);
                    }
                    iCount ++;
                }
            }
需要注意的是两个函数都定义了一个Scale的浮点值,该值就是缩放X轴和Y轴的关键,因为X轴一般代表日期,Y轴一般代表数值,所以Y轴还定义多了一个YSliceValue和YSliceBegin一起完成Y轴的缩放操作。具体看代码应该可以看出来。


最后初始化的是图像的标题:


 

            //初始化标题
            private void CreateTitle(ref Graphics objGraphics)
            {
                objGraphics.DrawString(Title,new Font("宋体",16),new SolidBrush(TextColor),new Point(5,5));
            }
至此,图像初始化已经顺利完成了,初始化后的图像如下:


万事俱备,只欠曲线了,这时候,我们要用到DrawCurve()函数了,该函数具体用法可以自己看MSDN,先看看代码:


 

            private void DrawContent(ref Graphics objGraphics)
            {
                if(Keys.Length == Values.Length)
                {
                    Pen CurvePen = new Pen(CurveColor,1);
                    PointF[] CurvePointF = new PointF[Keys.Length];
                    float keys = 0;
                    float values = 0;
                    float Offset1 = (Height-100) + YSliceBegin;
                    float Offset2 = (YSlice/50)*(50/YSliceValue);

                    for(int i=0;i                    {
                        keys = XSlice*i+100;
                        values = Offset1 - Values[i]*Offset2;
                        CurvePointF[i] = new PointF(keys,values);
                    }
                    objGraphics.DrawCurve(CurvePen,CurvePointF,Tension);
                }
                else
                {
                    objGraphics.DrawString("Error!The length of Keys and Values must be same!",new Font("宋体",16),new SolidBrush(TextColor),new Point(150,Height/2));
                }
            }
由于X轴Y轴都有缩放,所以要设置两个编译量Offset1和Offset2,使曲线产生相应变化。


至此,曲线图完成,当然,画折线也是可以的,下图就是更改属性后生成的折线,数值和第一幅图片一样。


万事俱备,只欠曲线了,这时候,我们要用到DrawCurve()函数了,该函数具体用法可以自己看MSDN,先看看代码:


 

            private void DrawContent(ref Graphics objGraphics)
            {
                if(Keys.Length == Values.Length)
                {
                    Pen CurvePen = new Pen(CurveColor,1);
                    PointF[] CurvePointF = new PointF[Keys.Length];
                    float keys = 0;
                    float values = 0;
                    float Offset1 = (Height-100) + YSliceBegin;
                    float Offset2 = (YSlice/50)*(50/YSliceValue);

                    for(int i=0;i                    {
                        keys = XSlice*i+100;
                        values = Offset1 - Values[i]*Offset2;
                        CurvePointF[i] = new PointF(keys,values);
                    }
                    objGraphics.DrawCurve(CurvePen,CurvePointF,Tension);
                }
                else
                {
                    objGraphics.DrawString("Error!The length of Keys and Values must be same!",new Font("宋体",16),new SolidBrush(TextColor),new Point(150,Height/2));
                }
            }
由于X轴Y轴都有缩放,所以要设置两个编译量Offset1和Offset2,使曲线产生相应变化。


至此,曲线图完成,当然,画折线也是可以的,下图就是更改属性后生成的折线,数值和第一幅图片一样。


 

本文作者:风也红了的专栏 来源:http://blog.csdn.net/aiwtu/archive/2006/12/11/1438
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